§We investigate this question using a range of observational and reanalysis products. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Analysis of Arctic sea ice volume by NASA (PIOMAS) has indicated that the unprecedented year-on-year decline in the volume of sea ice in the Arctic basin appears to be beyond the point of an easy recovery, and that this decline is certainly beyond the natural climate variability of the past 150,000 years, #Arctic sea ice average volume for August 2019 is 5,035 km³, just behind the record minimum of 4,923km³ in 2012.That's a *third* of the 1979-2000 average of 15,216km³. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies of this book on their shelves. truly multidisciplinary approach world leading authors and editors international ... A sea ice volume budget analysis is used to separate the impacts of the . Learn about our remote access options, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Sciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany, Contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Funding acquisition, Contribution: Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision. That's because of something called "Arctic amplification." Essentially, white ice in the Arctic reflects heat. [2] The poles will experience the most cooling when the global-mean temperature is lower relative to a reference climate; alternatively, the poles will experience the greatest warming when the global-mean temperature is higher.[1]. . A similar, but substantially weaker effect can be seen near 70 N in the LGM runs (Figure S4b in Supporting Information S1). The strongest increase in atmospheric radiative cooling in boreal winter occurs in the Arctic (Figure 2b), where it exceeds 10 , twice as much as the increase at lower latitudes. Ultimately, by the natural tendency of ocean circulation patterns in the northern hemisphere, this warm, moisture-laden air makes its way to the Arctic where it is absorbed and buffered (to a point). The most likely explanation for the compensating changes in dry energy fluxes is therefore that reduced and thinning sea-ice cover leads to enhanced sensible heat fluxes preferably into air masses leaving the Arctic (Audette et al., 2021) without interfering with the warm, moist air masses being advected into and precipitating in the Arctic (Figure 4). Recent Arctic amplification is strongly linked to declining sea ice extent. Polar amplification is quantified in terms of a polar amplification factor, generally defined as the ratio of some change in a polar temperature to a corresponding change in a broader average temperature: where A new paper The central role of diminishing sea ice in . [9] Both studies attracted significant attention since they hinted at the possibility for a runaway positive feedback within the global climate system. This volume documents various climate extreme events and associated changes that have been analyzed through diagnostics, modeling, and statistical approaches. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. The high-dimensional SAT dataset is reduced into nine representative SOM patterns, with each pattern exhibiting a decorrelation time scale of about 10 days and having about 85% of its variance coming from intraseasonal time scales. Others have used the ratio of the variances of surface air temperature over an extended interval. Common implementations[27][28] define the temperature changes directly as the anomalies in surface air temperature relative to a recent reference interval (typically 30 years). is a change in polar temperature and This uncertainty in the . In stark contrast to expectations based the moisture hypothesis, changes in precipitable water per unit temperature change are smaller in the Arctic than elsewhere in boreal winter (Figure 2a), when Arctic amplification of precipitation change is most pronounced (see Figure S1 in Supporting Information S1; Bintanja & Selten, 2014). However, convective precipitation only accounts for 24% of the additional 21st century precipitation in DJF over the central Arctic ocean, that is, north of 70 N, and its share is even lower in spring (14% in MAM) and fall (19% in SON). Found inside – Page 114This is a powerful illustration of the strength of human-caused global warming, that with all of these other influences acting in the cooling direction, temperatures have ... The main cause of this “Arctic amplification” is the ... Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. The authors would like to thank L. Gartelmann for assistance in preparing the data used in this study and K. Werner for helping prepare Figure 2. More than one factor contribute to the cause. This enhanced hydrological sensitivity has been explained in terms of the Arctic moisture budget and attributed to either moisture advection or surface evaporation. Fortunately, all 195 member-states of the international panel for climate change (IPCC) are undertaking country-specific directives to help control the issue of global warming and Arctic Amplification.
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arctic amplification cause